Polyurethane is used in many medical devices, and its usage is still growing.
They were chosen because they can meet product requirements that other
biomedical materials cannot.
Melt-processable or thermoplastic polyurethanes are widely used in medical equipment. Thermoplastic polyurethanes are long-chain linear polymers that are not crosslinked. Their linear structure allows polyurethane to be melted to form parts. Then the parts are reintegrated.
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Thermoplastic polyurethanes are made from liquid precursors in batch or continuous processes. In the batch process, the three parts are mixed together, distributed into trays, and then cured. The cured polyurethane is pelletized and then pelletized. Only linear precursors are used to make thermoplastic polyurethanes. In a continuous process, the precursor is metered into the extruder, which mixes the ingredients and feeds the mixture onto the belt. The strands are fed into a heated tunnel, where they are cured. The cured polyurethane harness is pelletized and then pelletized. Then, the pellets are used to make films, molded parts and profile extrusions.
Thermoplastic polyurethane is also commonly used for injection molded parts. Although this can be a difficult process, their unique attributes often make it worthwhile. It is important to remember that some polyurethanes behave like rubber, not rigid materials. For this type of thermoplastic, even those with a hardness of up to 70 Shore D, the resulting parts have high elongation (160%) and high tensile strength (4200 psi). These parts also have the flexibility of rubber (flexural modulus of 64,000 psi). A typical application is a molded base mold that binds an extension tube to a multi-lumen catheter. The photo on page 104 shows an intravenous catheter. The product includes molded bottom molds, special catheters and needle ports, oxygen masks, medical tubes, and flexible postoperative instruments.
Another application that utilizes the versatility of thermoplastic polyurethanes is wound dressings. Most wound dressings are composite structures. Polyurethane wound dressing film is used to make a cover layer that is impermeable to liquids and bacteria, but allows moisture to penetrate. The thermoplastic polyurethane film is very thin and has excellent resistance to bacterial penetration, but is permeable to moisture. The absorbent inner layer is made of open-cell hydrophilic polyurethane foam to absorb wound exudate. Low hardness (70-80 Shore A) polyurethanes are used in this application because they have 7000 psi tensile strength and 500% elongation in thin sections. They can also form foams and can be made with different penetration characteristics for different applications.
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