High-strength polymers with properties suitable for medical devices are not
necessarily the best material choice for implantation in the body. For example,
heparin coating is added to various catheters made of PVC, polyamide and
polyurethane to enhance their antithrombotic properties. Similarly, specially
formulated polyurethanes suitable for coatings have been widely used in medical
device manufacturing. Likewise, their versatility makes them suitable for
multiple applications. Polyurethane coatings can be hydrophilic, hydrophobic,
antimicrobial, non-thrombogenic, drug-releasing or lubricating. The coating is
dissolved in a solvent and then applied to the substrate using dipping or
spraying techniques. The chemical properties of polyurethane coatings are the
same as those of bulk polyurethane.
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The range of available options for polyurethane coatings continues to expand. For example, several manufacturers are studying drug-eluting stent coatings. Patients with bare metal stents have a high rate of restenosis or obstruction. Certain drugs that reduce the rate of restenosis are incorporated into the polyurethane matrix and slowly released after the stent is in place. The drug release rate is controlled by the ratio of the hard segment content to the soft segment content of the polyurethane and the specific chemical reaction. However, the drugs that can be released from polyurethane have limitations. These limitations include the solubility of the drug in the polyurethane matrix and coating solvent, the diffusion rate and the chemical properties of the drug. Another key characteristic of these coatings is their ability to stretch and conform to the metal stent when the stent is deployed. The coating must not tear or crack.
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