Dr. Otto Bayer (1902-1982) invented polyurethane in the 1930s. There are many
types of polyurethane, and their look and feel are very different from each
other. They are used in a wide variety of products, from coatings and adhesives
to shoe soles, mattresses and foam insulation. However, the basic chemistry of
each type is basically the same.
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During the Second World War, polyurethanes were widely used for the first time when they were used as a substitute for rubber, which was expensive and difficult to obtain. During the war, other applications were also developed, mainly involving coatings ranging from aircraft finishes to durable clothing.
By the 1950s, polyurethane had been used in adhesives, elastomers and rigid foams, and in the second half of the same decade, soft cushioning foams similar to today's were used.
Further development has been achieved in the following decades. Today, we are surrounded by the application of polyurethane in every aspect of our daily life. Although polyurethane is a product that most people are not familiar with, because it is usually "hidden" behind coverings or surfaces made of other materials, it is difficult to imagine the life without polyurethane.
Polyurethane is a plastic polymer made by combining diisocyanates (TDI and MDI) with polyols. Literally, there are hundreds of different types of polyurethanes, each of which is manufactured in slightly different ways:
Carbon dioxide is used as a foaming agent to produce the soft and comfortable feeling of a mattress or sofa. The more blowing agent used, the softer the foam.
In rigid foam, gases such as pentane are "trapped" in the closed cells of the foam, thereby optimizing its thermal insulation capacity.
On the other hand, roller skating wheels do not require foaming agents, but have consistency and consistency.
Polyurethane is often used in medical device applications, and its use continues to grow. But what can sustain this growth? Compared with other polymers, polyurethane usually requires a complicated manufacturing process and is more expensive per pound. For example, the average selling price of flexible PVC is 85 cents per pound. The selling price of polyurethane is 10 to 20 times the price. So, what motivates medical device developers to use them?
Polyurethane can be used in applications where other materials do not work. Polyurethane is one of the most versatile building materials that can be used in medical equipment. They are tough, biocompatible and blood compatible. They can be high-strength elastomers or rigid plastics, and can be processed using extrusion, injection molding, blown film, solution dipping, and two-part liquid molding processes.
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